Hwaseong-si reports an annual PM2.5 of 25.5 µg/m³. That's above the EU annual limit of 25 µg/m³ — long-term exposure here carries documented health trade-offs.
Compared across South Korea
Hwaseong-si: 25.5 µg/m³. Typical range in South Korea: 18.7–23.0 µg/m³. Low anchor: Seogwipo, 14.0 µg/m³. High anchor: Seoul, 26.6 µg/m³.
108 cities tracked