Kupang reports an annual PM2.5 of 9.6 µg/m³. That's close to the WHO 2021 annual guideline (5 µg/m³) and well inside historically healthy ranges.
Compared across Indonesia
Kupang: 9.6 µg/m³. Typical range in Indonesia: 12.3–18.1 µg/m³. Low anchor: Ambon, 7.9 µg/m³. High anchor: Medan, 39.4 µg/m³.
291 cities tracked