Rafaḩ reports an annual PM2.5 of 9.7 µg/m³. That's close to the WHO 2021 annual guideline (5 µg/m³) and well inside historically healthy ranges.
Compared across Egypt
Rafaḩ: 9.7 µg/m³. Typical range in Egypt: 26.1–37.8 µg/m³. Low anchor: Damietta, 20.8 µg/m³. High anchor: Cairo, 42.9 µg/m³.
176 cities tracked