Bologna logs 17 frost days a year to Rome's 4 — Rome wins by 13. Bologna also leads on hot days by 17.

Bologna runs about $2,030/mo for a balanced lifestyle against Rome's $2,213/mo — Bologna comes in $183 cheaper each month, roughly 9% less.

Bologna and Rome score neck-and-neck on mobility (2.8 vs 2.8, 0–5 scale).

Rome's culture score of 4.1 sits well above Bologna's 3.5, with the biggest gap on history museums.

Rome's nature & outdoors score of 3.5 sits well above Bologna's 3.2, with the biggest gap on sea access. Bologna still holds an edge on mountain access.

Bologna's safety score is ~1.3× Rome's — in the middle of the scale, while Rome lands below average, with the biggest gap on property crime safety. Rome still holds an edge on earthquake safety.

Rome's career score of 3.2 sits well above Bologna's 2.4, with the biggest gap on coworking infrastructure.

Rome's social & community score of 3.0 sits well above Bologna's 2.8, with the biggest gap on expat-first community. Bologna still holds an edge on local-first community.

On food & dining, Rome scores 3.0 vs Bologna's 2.2 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on brunch availability.

On family, Rome scores 2.9 vs Bologna's 2.3 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on wellness/spa. Bologna still holds an edge on playgrounds.

Bologna and Rome score neck-and-neck on healthcare (2.7 vs 2.7, 0–5 scale).

Bologna averages 14.7 µg/m³ (moderate) PM2.5 annually versus Rome's 13.9 µg/m³ (moderate) — Rome breathes ~6% cleaner air (0.9 µg/m³ lower).

Who Thrives Here