Nagoya logs 35 frost days a year to Osaka's 6 — Osaka wins by 29. Nagoya also leads on sunny days by 19.

Nagoya runs about $1,591/mo for a balanced lifestyle against Osaka's $1,671/mo — Nagoya comes in $80 cheaper each month, roughly 5% less.

Nagoya and Osaka score neck-and-neck on mobility (3.6 vs 3.8, 0–5 scale).

Osaka's culture score of 4.0 sits well above Nagoya's 2.5, with the biggest gap on arts & culture.

Nagoya and Osaka score neck-and-neck on nature & outdoors (3.7 vs 3.8, 0–5 scale).

Nagoya and Osaka score neck-and-neck on safety (5.0 vs 5.0, 0–5 scale).

Osaka's career score of 4.1 sits well above Nagoya's 3.1, with the biggest gap on startup ecosystem.

Osaka's social & community score is ~1.3× Nagoya's — in the middle of the scale, while Nagoya lands below average, with the biggest gap on street atmosphere.

On food & dining, Osaka scores 3.2 vs Nagoya's 2.6 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on brunch availability.

On family, Osaka scores 3.5 vs Nagoya's 3.2 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on universities.

Nagoya and Osaka score neck-and-neck on healthcare (3.4 vs 3.4, 0–5 scale).

Nagoya averages 13.4 µg/m³ (moderate) PM2.5 annually versus Osaka's 13.9 µg/m³ (moderate) — Nagoya breathes ~3% cleaner air (0.4 µg/m³ lower).

Who Thrives Here