Modena logs 26 frost days a year to Rome's 4 — Rome wins by 22. Modena also leads on hot days by 6.

Modena runs about $1,904/mo for a balanced lifestyle against Rome's $2,213/mo — Modena comes in $309 cheaper each month, roughly 16% less.

On mobility, Rome scores 2.8 vs Modena's 2.4 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on flight connectivity. Modena still holds an edge on public transit.

Rome's culture score of 4.1 sits well above Modena's 3.1, with the biggest gap on arts & culture.

Rome's nature & outdoors score of 3.5 sits well above Modena's 2.8, with the biggest gap on forest access. Modena still holds an edge on skiing & snowboarding.

Modena's safety score is ~1.6× Rome's — in the upper band, while Rome lands below average, with the biggest gap on road safety. Rome still holds an edge on flooding safety.

Rome's career score of 3.2 sits well above Modena's 2.8, with the biggest gap on career opportunities.

Rome's social & community score of 3.0 sits well above Modena's 2.6, with the biggest gap on urban energy.

On food & dining, Rome scores 3.0 vs Modena's 2.0 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on vegan & vegetarian options.

On family, Rome scores 2.9 vs Modena's 2.1 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on universities. Modena still holds an edge on playgrounds.

On healthcare, Rome scores 2.7 vs Modena's 2.0 (0–5 scale), with the biggest gap on private healthcare quality.

Modena averages 16.5 µg/m³ (sensitive-groups) PM2.5 annually versus Rome's 13.9 µg/m³ (moderate) — Rome breathes ~16% cleaner air (2.7 µg/m³ lower).

Who Thrives Here