Niigata logs 0 frost days a year to Osaka's 6 — Niigata wins by 6. Niigata also leads on hot days by 60.

Osaka averages $1,671/mo for balanced living; Niigata has no cost baseline yet.

Osaka scores 3.8 on mobility (0–5 scale); Niigata has no mobility baseline.

Osaka's culture score of 4.0 sits well above Niigata's 0.0.

Osaka scores 3.8 on nature & outdoors (0–5 scale); Niigata has no nature & outdoors baseline.

Osaka scores 5.0 on safety (0–5 scale); Niigata has no safety baseline.

Osaka scores 4.1 on career (0–5 scale); Niigata has no career baseline.

Osaka scores 2.6 on social & community (0–5 scale); Niigata has no social & community baseline.

Osaka scores 3.2 on food & dining (0–5 scale); Niigata has no food & dining baseline.

Osaka scores 3.5 on family (0–5 scale); Niigata has no family baseline.

Osaka scores 3.4 on healthcare (0–5 scale); Niigata has no healthcare baseline.

Niigata averages 11.9 µg/m³ (moderate) PM2.5 annually versus Osaka's 13.9 µg/m³ (moderate) — Niigata breathes ~14% cleaner air (1.9 µg/m³ lower).

Who Thrives Here