Osaka logs 75 hot days a year to Yamagata's 20 — Yamagata wins by 55. Osaka also leads on frost days by 97.

Osaka averages $1,671/mo for balanced living; Yamagata has no cost baseline yet.

Osaka scores 3.8 on mobility (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no mobility baseline.

Osaka's culture score of 4.0 sits well above Yamagata's 0.0.

Osaka scores 3.8 on nature & outdoors (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no nature & outdoors baseline.

Osaka scores 5.0 on safety (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no safety baseline.

Osaka scores 4.1 on career (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no career baseline.

Osaka scores 2.6 on social & community (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no social & community baseline.

Osaka scores 3.2 on food & dining (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no food & dining baseline.

Osaka scores 3.5 on family (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no family baseline.

Osaka scores 3.4 on healthcare (0–5 scale); Yamagata has no healthcare baseline.

Osaka averages 13.9 µg/m³ (moderate) PM2.5 annually versus Yamagata's 11.8 µg/m³ (moderate) — Yamagata breathes ~15% cleaner air (2.1 µg/m³ lower).

Who Thrives Here