Methodology

All sources at a glance

Every dataset HabiBubble uses — where it comes from, what it covers, and how often it updates.

We use 15+ independent data sources across climate, air quality, health, economy, geography, and visa requirements. Each source is chosen for coverage, reliability, and update frequency. Here's the complete inventory.

Climate & weather

SourceWhat it providesCoverage
ERA5 (ECMWF)Temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, UTCIGlobal, hourly, 2015–2024
CHIRPSRainfall (satellite + ground gauges)Global, daily
NASA POWERSolar radiation, surface temperatureGlobal, daily

Deep dive: Climate data sources

Air quality

SourceWhat it providesCoverage
WUSTL PM2.5Fine particulate pollution (satellite-derived)Global, annual
OpenAQGround-station air quality (PM2.5, NO2, ozone)100+ countries, hourly
CAMS (Copernicus)Air quality forecasts and reanalysisGlobal, daily

Health & economy

SourceWhat it providesCoverage
OECDHealthcare, education, economic indicators38 member countries
EurostatHarmonized health, demographic, economic dataEU member states
WHOGlobal health indicators, life expectancy190+ countries

Geographic & lifestyle

SourceWhat it providesCoverage
OpenStreetMapWalkability, transit, green space, POI densityGlobal, community-maintained
GeoNamesCity identity, population, coordinates, timezone11M+ place names
GHSL (EU JRC)Population density, urban extent (satellite)Global, high resolution

Passport & visa

SourceWhat it providesCoverage
Government visa dataVisa requirements per passport190+ countries, daily
World BankGDP indicators (constant USD)190+ countries, annual
UNESCOWorld Heritage site listGlobal, as-updated

Deep dive: Passport data sources

AI-assisted analysis

SourceWhat it providesCoverage
LLM extractionFood scene, nightlife, expat ease, vibe500+ cities

Deep dive: AI-assisted analysis

See it in action

Every metric on a city page cites its source. The explore map covers 29,000+ cities across 90+ features from these datasets.